‘Paratha’ merits classified under HSN 21069099 and 18% GST is to be levied
Fact and Issue of the case
The applicant has provided the ingredients of paratha and the cooking methods as follows:
(i) They are currently producing eight varieties of Paratha which are Malabar Paratha, Mixed vegetable Paratha, Onion Paratha, Methi Paratha, Alu Paratha, Laccha Paratha, Mooli Paratha and Plain Paratha. The principal ingredient of all the varieties of Paratha is wheat flour. Wheat flour constitutes 62% in Malabar Paratha, 36% in Mixed Vegetable Paratha, 40% in Onion Paratha, 62% in Plain Paratha, 39% in Mooli Paratha, 62% in Laccha Paratha and 37% in Aloo Paratha. The other ingredients are water, edible vegetable oil, salt, antioxidant etc. The details of ingredients of each of the varieties of Paratha are disclosed on the packings of the products in accordance with the statutory requirements of Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, and such other statutes.
(ii) Parathas supplied and sold by them in packed condition are to be placed directly on pre-heated flat pan or griddle for being heated on a medium flame for about 3-4 minutes and during this period, paratha is to be flipped after every 30 seconds. The cooking instructions are also printed on the packing of the product. For ready reference, packing of each of the varieties of Paratha are submitted in Annexure-I to the application.
(iii) It is noteworthy that the method of cooking is common for all the varities of Paratha, and also that the principal ingredients for all varieties is whole wheat flour and the other ingredients like Alu, vegetables, Mooli, Onion, Methi etc. are added only for the purpose of taste and flavour, but otherwise the essential character of all the varieties of the product as ‘Paratha’ is common and uniform. Therefore, all the varieties of Paratha are basically ‘Paratha’ and therefore the product is to be treated as Paratha for the purpose of the present application and the questions for advance ruling in this application.
The applicant has submitted that paratha is consumed by the people at large with vegetables, pickles and also with chicken and meat; that in Indian subcontinent, paratha is commonly and ordinarily eaten in households with curies, the way chapatti or fulka or rotla are consumed with vegetables, pickles, meat etc. and depending upon the region and the State, the people use chapatti or fulka or rotla or paratha or any such bread; that the manner and method of consumption of all such unleavened flat bread are same and similar; that, undoubtedly, chapatti, roti fulka and paratha share a close resemblance to one another as not only the method of preparation or cooking, but even the manner of use and consumption are same and similar for all such products.
The applicant has further submitted that the word ‘Paratha’ is not defined under the GST; that it is a common eatable used all throughout the country and also in some foreign countries and therefore the dictionary meaning and the common parlance understanding of the product would be relevant for considering the nature of the product and its classification under GST Tariff. Definition/meaning of ‘Paratha’ as per various dictionaries is as follows:
(i) In New Oxford Dictionary of English edited by Judy Pearsall and published by Oxford University Press, ‘Paratha’ is explained as ‘A flat, thick piece of unleavened bread fried on a griddle-origin from Hindi Paratha’.
(ii) In New Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary edited by Sally Wehmeier and published by Oxford University Press, ‘Paratha’ is explained as ‘‘A type of South Asian bread made without yeast, usually fried on a griddle.’
(iii) In Merriam Webster Dictionary, Paratha is described as ‘An unleavened Indian wheat bread that is usually fried on a griddle.’
(iv) In Wikipedia, the following information is available about Paratha:
a. “A Parotta/Kerala porotta/Malabar porotta is layered flatbread, originating from the Indian subcontinent, made from maida flour, popular in Southern India. It is originated in Kerala and especially in the Malabar region of Kerala. It is a common street food in southern India, especially in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It is also available in other South Indian States like Karnataka, Maharashtra and the countries of United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka etc. There are different types of porotta including coin porotta, Malabari porotta, berotta etc.”
b. “A paratha is a flatbread native to the Indian subcontinent, prevalent throughout the modern-day nations of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives and Myanmar, where wheat is the traditional staple. Paratha is an amalgamation of the words parat and atta, which literally means layers of cooked dough.’
(v) Kerala paratha are popularly pronounced as ‘parotta’ and Laccha paratha-tandoori(Punjabi in origin) is round in shape with multiple layers and traditionally prepared in a tandoor. Thus, Paratha, also known by different nomenclature like Parotta and Parantha, is basically a flat bread made from wheat flour(or maida) not containing any leaven i.e. a substance added to dough to make it ferment and rise. Such substances like yeast are not added to this Indian bread, though ingredients like potato, onion, vegetables etc. may be added for taste and flavour.
The applicant has submitted that Chapter 19 covers ‘Preparations of cereals, flour, starch or milk, pastrycooks’ products’. Though the broad heading of a Chapter is not a determining factor for classification, it is clear from the general description of Chapter 19 that preparations of flour are covered thereunder; that Heading 1905 covers various eatables including ‘bread’ under HSN code 1905 and various explanatory notes are given about the scope and coverage of this classification code; that it is clarified specifically under HSN explanatory notes that heading includes ‘Unleavened bread’; that it is also clarified under part(A) of Explanatory notes that the most common ingredients of the products were cereal flours, leavens and salt, but they may also contain other ingredients; that in this context, unleavened bread are specifically referred to under Part(A) of the explanatory notes; that under Part(B) of the explanatory notes also, it is clarified that this heading covers a number of products made from flour; that it prima facie appears that Heading 1905 is a specific heading for products made from flour and unleavened bread are specifically covered under HSN Code 1905.
The applicant has further submitted that roti, chapatti and its variants are covered under Sl.No.99A of Notification No.01/2017-CT as amended by Notification No.34/2017-Rate; that under column(2) of Schedule-I to the above notification, the heading/subheading/Tariff item shown are 1905 or 2106; that the products under column(3) are classified as ‘Khakhra, plain chapatti or roti.’; that chapatti and roti are described as under in Mariam Webster Dictionary: Chapati: a round flat unleavened bread of India i.e. usually made of whole wheat flour and cooked on a griddle. Chapati is also called fulka. Roti: a roti is generally made out of refined flour and is cooked in tandoor. This Roti maybe called tandoori roti.
The applicant has submitted that chapati is thus a flat unleavened bread of Indian origin and so is paratha; that both chapatti and paratha are cooked on a griddle; that the method of cooking and also the way of consumption by people at large are similar and common for both the products namely chapatti and parotta; that unleavened bread merits classification under HSN Code 1905 which is specifically explained under Part(A) of the explanatory notes under HSN code 1905; that it is a settled legal position that HSN Explanatory notes are fully applicable for classification of products under the Indian Tariff if the Indian Tariff heading is pari-materia the corresponding heading of HSN. Admittedly, HSN Code 1905 is para-materia heading/Tariff item 1905 of GST Tariff; that, therefore, unleavened breads like chapatti and paratha fall for classification under HSN Code 1905 and consequently under Tariff item No.1905 of GST Tariff.
The applicant has submitted that a reference may also be made to Rule 3(b) of the Rules for interpretation of the Tariff; that for mixture and composite goods consisting of different materials, it is laid down by virtue of Rule 3(b) that mixtures and composite goods consisting of different materials shall be classified as if they consisted of the material or component which gives them their essential character; that this rule is colloquially called ‘predominance test of classification’; that the ingredient or material that predominates in terms of quantum or value or the like essentiality is the material or the ingredient that gives the essential character to mixtures or composite goods consisting of different materials; that in all the varieties of Paratha in question, the predominant material is wheat flour, and it is wheat flour that gives the essential character of Paratha because the product could be cooked and consumed only because of wheat flour, and without wheat flour, no product like ‘Paratha’ could ever come into existence; Plain Paratha or Lachha Paratha or Malabar Paratha are products not containing any additional ingredients like onion or alu or vegetables; that mixed vegetable paratha, onion paratha, alu paratha, methi paratha etc. are also paratha, and the ingredients like vegetables are mixed only for taste and flavour; that by adding such ingredients, the nature of the food product does not change at all, and the product is still paratha only; that in common parlance also, such products are known, called, bought, sold and consumed as paratha and therefore such varieties of paratha are also basically a flat unleavened bread fried on a griddle, and hence merit classification under Heading 1905 of the Tariff.
The applicant has further submitted that the method of preparation and cooking as well as the manner of consumption are same and similar in respect of roti, chapatti, fulka, rotla and paratha; that however, roti and chapatti are classified under Heading 1905 of the Tariff because they are accepted to be flat unleavened bread of flour as specified under HSN Code 1905; that therefore paratha being a product having a close resemblance to roti and chapatti would also merit classification under HSN code 1905 as unleavened flat bread and consequently under Sub heading No.19059090 of the GST Tariff; that such unleavened bread are chargeable to GST @5% Adv. since Chapati or Roti, which are also products in the nature of flat unleavened bread like paratha are chargeable to GST@5%Adv. The applicant has requested that their present application may be allowed and their product namely ‘Paratha’ may be classified under Heading 1905, Sub heading 19059090, chargeable to GST@5% Adv.
Observation of the Authority
At the outset AAR would like to make it clear that the provisions of CGST Act, 2017 and GGST Act, 2017 are in pari materia and have the same provisions in like matter and differ from each other only on a few specific provisions. Therefore, unless a mention is particularly made to such dissimilar provisions, a reference to the CGST Act would also mean reference to the corresponding similar provisions in the GGST Act.
The applicant submitted that all the varieties of Paratha are basically ‘Paratha’ and therefore the product is to be treated as Paratha for the purpose of the present application. We have gone through the samples of ‘packing covers’ submitted by the applicant in respect of their product ‘Paratha’ namely Malabar Paratha, Mixed vegetable Paratha, Onion Paratha, Methi Paratha, Alu Paratha, Laccha paratha and Mooli Paratha and find that they are sold under the Brand name “Vadilal Quick Treat’ and each of these packing covers contains ‘cooking instructions’. For instance, cooking instructions as appearing on the packing cover of ‘Malabar Paratha’ reads as follows:
- Place the Vadilal Quick Treat Paratha on pre-heated pan or griddle (DO NOT THAW).
- Heat on a medium flame for about 3-4 minutes(flipping after every 30 seconds) pressing gently till the paratha is golden brown on both sides.
- For additional taste and crispness, one teaspoon of oil or butter may be used during heating.
- Vadilal Quick Treat Paratha is now ready to eat.
AAR find similar instructions on the ‘packing covers’ of the rest of the parathas too. From the above, it is forthcoming that the ‘parathas’ supplied by the applicant are not ‘ready to eat food preparations’ OR ‘products ready for consumption’, but are products on which ‘cooking process’ needs to be carried out as per the cooking instructions given on the ‘packing covers’ in order to make them ‘ready for consumption’ . It is also specifically mentioned in the cooking instructions that the ‘parathas’ are to be heated for about 3-4 minutes till the colour of the paratha changes to golden brown on both sides.’
The applicant has submitted that their product various types of Paratha are made up of wheat flour which is the main ingredient and percentage of wheat flour varies from 36% to 62% and other ingredients are used only for the purpose of taste and flavour and their product is akin to “Khakhra, plain chapatti or roti” since the method of cooking and also the way of consumption by people at large are similar and common for both the products namely chapatti and paratha. Therefore, Parathas are classifiable under Chapter Heading 1905 of the CTA, 1975.
Looking at the range of percentage composition of wheat flour( 36% to 62%) in the said parathas vis-à-vis the plain chapatti or roti which is primarily a wheat flour product, we are not inclined to assemble parathas akin with plain chapatti or roti. Further, We refer to referred HSN 1905 as well as the explanatory notes to HSN under heading 1905 and find that the products covered under the heading 1905 are already prepared or cooked products and no further process is required to be done on them for consumption and hence they are ready to use food preparations. We find that applicant himself has admitted that their impugned products are not ready to eat but required certain process before consumption by humans. Also, we find that applicant’s product is not akin to Khakra and plain chapatti or roti as they do not require any processing before consumption by humans and hence are ready to eat food preparations. We have already discussed in para 14 that Parathas are required to be heated on a pre-heated pan or a griddle as per the cooking instructions printed on the packing covers of these products in order to make them ready for consumption. Therefore, we hold that the applicant’s contention is not tenable and their product cannot be classified under CTH 1905 of CTA 1975.
As per Rule 3(c), when goods cannot be classifiable under Rule 3(a) or 3(b), then they shall be classified under the heading which occurs last in numerical order among those which equally merit consideration. Hence, HSN 2106 occurs last in numerical order vis-à-vis HSN 1905 and hence the heading 2106 would be the more appropriate classification. In view of the above, we hold that the varieties of the product ‘Paratha’ supplied by the applicant falls under Heading 2106 and specifically under Tariff item 21069099.
As per the applicability of Entry No.99A of Schedule I to the Notification No.01/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 28-6-17, as amended vide Notification No.34/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 13-10-17, which specifies the applicable rate of 5% GST in respect of the goods covered under heading 1905 or 2106’. Entry No.99A of Schedule I of Notification No.01/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 28-6-17(as amended vide Notification No.34/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 13-10-17) reads as follows:
| Sl.No. | Chapter / Heading / Subheading / Tariff item | Description of Goods |
| 99A | 1905 or 2106 | Khakhra, plain chapatti or roti” ; |
Hence AAR classify ‘Paratha’ at HSN 2106. Now as there is no mention of the entry ‘Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included” (heading 2106) in the six schedules of the Notification 01/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 28-6-17, we hold that ‘Paratha’ product would be covered under Entry No.453 of Schedule-III of said Notification (upto 14-11-17) which covers goods that are not specified in Schedule I, II, IV, V or VI of the above notification and reads as follows:
| Sl.No. | Chapter / Heading / Subheading / Tariff item | Description of Goods |
| 453 | Any Chapter | Goods which are not specified in Schedule I, II, IV, V or VI. |
In view of the facts mentioned above, authority held that the product ‘Paratha’ of the applicant will be covered under: (i) Entry No.453 of Schedule-III of Notification No.01/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 28-6-17 for the period from 1-7-17 to 14-11-17 and (ii) Entry No.23 of Schedule-III of Notification No.01/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 28-6-17(as amended by Notification No.41/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 14-11-17) with effect from 15-11-17 and will be liable to GST at the rate of 18%(9% SGST + 9% CGST).
Conslusion
The Authority ruled as follows:
1. ‘Paratha’ merits classification at HSN 21069099.
2. ‘Paratha’ are covered at
i. Entry No.453 of Schedule-III of Notification No.01/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 28-6-17 for the period from 1-7-17 to 14-11-17 and liable to GST at the rate of 18%(9% SGST + 9% CGST) and
ii. Entry No.23 of Schedule-III of Notification No.01/2017-Central Tax(Rate) dated 28-6-17(as amended by Notification No.41/2017-
Central Tax(Rate) dated 14-11-17) with effect from 15-11-17 and liable to GST at the rate of 18%(9% SGST + 9% CGST).
Read the full order from below
‘Paratha-merits-classified-under-HSN-21069099-and-18-GST-is-to-be-levied
